Traditional Local Oil Extraction Machine (Purunakalar Anchalik Tela Peda Yantra)

 This is one of the indigenous practices in Kendar where most of the people are extracting oil from niger(Alasi), neem, Karanja etc. People in different villages come to extract oil from this type of machine. More than 4/5 village from nearby area to the village the machine is situated. This is placed in the common place of the village. People bring log of sal wood from the deep forest and make the machine. ‘Now-a day, it is too difficult to find wood for making the machine due to the decline of forest.’ is the answer from the people. It is a low cost machine. Around Rs.2000 is required for making the machine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preparation for oiling (photo: Bijaya)

First the seed is dried well and than powdered. Water is sprinkled with the powdered seed. It takes more than 10 min for making for boiling. They boil the powdered seed in the above pot made in mud. In the lower pot, they keep water and the steam produced from the lower pot will boil the powered seed in the above pot. After 30-45 min it will be opened from the pot. The boiled seed is bounded in the small pieces of nylon or any strong clothes where oil can be extracted easily.

Process of oiling:

 

 

 

 

People are engaged for extracting oil (photo: Bijaya)

After boiling the seed through the evaporation process, the seed is taken near to the indigenous machine. There seed is bound tightly through the small pieces of nylon or any strong clothes. Then at least three such types of tightly bind seed should be placed between the two pieces of log wood. It is pressed by binding with the rope and with the help of iron stick. They collect oil in the lower part of the machine. They keep one cupper ring in the oil extracting pot as there is believe that they will get more amount of oil by doing so. They generally extract more than 250ml of oil from one kg of the seed of Niger. It also depends on deferent seed. They have to give more than five rupees for oiling from 1kg of the seed.

Utility:

This oil is tasty than any other oil and good keeping quality. The oil is good for the health as it contains unsaturated fatty acids which are over 70% of its composition and absence of toxins. They get more taste by milling themselves by indigenous practiced machine than by milling through machine. This oil is also used for preparing the cake and using for festival lightening. They store this oil for their own consumption. The market value of the oil varies from Rs. 70 to Rs. 80 rupees and the value of Niger varies from Rs. 20 to Rs. 45 rupees according to the availability of the production of crops. The waste from the oil extracted will be used as the compost in the field.

Limitation:

1. More labour is required for extracting the oil. At least three people are required.
2. Less amount of oil will be extracted from the seed.
3.  More time is required for extraction of oil.
4. It is necessary to wash properly the wood as there is probability of the mixing oil with mud and other waste material.

Scarecrow

 

A scarecrow (locally called Palua Bhut) is the picture which used in the field to avoid the animals those come to the field for eating crops. It is called as Paluabhuta in local language. When animals see Paluabhuta, they get afraid and don’t come near the field. It is put in the middle of the field so that birds and animals can see from a distance. They will not able to come near the field to feed newly-sown seeds or grains ready for harvesting. It is made with appearance of human figures by the farmers and tightly bounded with a long pole of 6-8 ft which is vertical to the ground. An earthen pot is overturned on the top of the vertical pole and painted with human face. Moreover a worn-out shirt and trousers stuffed with straw and design as the human body.

Yoga in Forest

Lift Irrigation at Kendar panchayat

Lift irrigation by Tenda

People in Kendar use one indigenous practice for lift irrigation. They generally dig earthen dam in near the stream or nala and try to bring water to the middle land. This practice is done from many years ago. This is the only method which exists with a greater value and low cost instrument used for lift irrigation. People those do vegetable cultivation on the meddle land they use it for lifting water up to 4 to 5 ft high from the low land. For this they use bamboo and log of wood for supporting to the bamboo. They hang stone in one end of the bamboo and tie it. In the other end they put the bucket and one wood where nala is made by cutting it were kept on the earth. Through the bucket they pour water on it and it is designed so that water will go down the middle land. This is an interesting method of withdrawing water from low land to the middle land. They also keep small pieces of the bamboo for supporting themselves while withdrawing water from the earthen dam. They also cultivate vegetables in the low land and make nala to the earthen dam. In summer they also go for cultivating vegetable near the streams or near the river and follow similar strategy for the lift irrigation purpose. The total cost of the indigenous lift irrigation is approximately Rs.300 to Rs. 400.

Jhola cultivation

Jhola cultivation

 

 

Jhola describes a method of using beds of streams for cultivation. This type of cultivation involves growing of paddy in the valleys of the hilly tracks. The tribal builds terraces on the slope of hill with water streams. In terrace cultivation the available hill sources are fully used and available water of perennial hill streams are tapped for cultivation through out the year particularly during late winter and summer months as the water flows from one terrace to another in downward motion. The terrace walls are revetted and packed with stones and boulders, which can not be washed out easily. The terraces are puddled during the months of February and March after which paddy is broadcast and two varieties; early as well as late types of paddy are mixed together and sown at the same time. The early variety matures during May while the late variety is harvested in November. This is done in order to have one additional crop of paddy before rains and let the late variety established itself and stands well the brunt of the torrential streams. It is seen that the yield of the late paddy is three times that of the early variety. On the both sides drains are made to carry away the surplus water of the valley.

 

The king and his experiment

Once there was a king who wanted to appoint his prime minister in the kingdom. But there was none suitable in his eyes and also people in the kingdom could not able to select a person for the prime minister. So the king made one plan and declared that he had one lock which was not unlocked. One who could unlock it would be the prime minister of the kingdom. There were three persons for the competition. The king handed one big lock which was around 20kg weight. The first person came with lots of big keys and tried to unlock that. His whole labour went to end without any fruitful result. The next was one magician who came and tried to unlock that with lots of tricks but was unable to unlock that. The last person came without any keys and simply gave smiling to the audience and asked for their blessing for the competition. Then he held the lock for a moment and examined it and became surprised to see that the lock was unlocked before. He could not believe his eyes and went to the king to show unlocked one. The king became so happy by the third fellow and appointed as his prime minister.

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